16. if / elseif / else — Homework solutions

The .lua solution files are in exercises/16/homework/solutions/.

Problem 1 — Even or odd

Problem. Read a number; print even or odd.

How to think about it. n % 2 is 0 for even and 1 for odd (negatives give -1 or 1, but == 0 still works). One if/else.

Worked solution.

io.write("Enter a whole number: ")
local n = tonumber(io.read())

if n % 2 == 0 then
    print("even")
else
    print("odd")
end

Common mistakes.

Writing if n % 2 = 0. Single = is assignment; the check needs ==.
Forgetting tonumber. n % 2 on a string is an error.

Problem 2 — Roblox level gate

Problem. Different messages depending on which of two requirements the player fails.

How to think about it. Two booleans give four combinations, but only three are bad. Spell each out with elseif:

both ok → enter
level low, key ok → "Level too low."
level ok, key missing → "Missing the key."
both wrong → "Level too low and missing the key."

Branch order matters: handle the most specific failures first.

Worked solution.

local level = 12
local has_key = true

if level >= 10 and has_key then
    print("You can enter the dungeon.")
elseif level < 10 and not has_key then
    print("Level too low and missing the key.")
elseif level < 10 then
    print("Level too low.")
else
    print("Missing the key.")
end

The combined failure is checked before the single ones. If elseif level < 10 came first, it would swallow the combined case, so that message never shows.

Common mistakes.

Using && or ||. Lua uses and and or.
Forgetting that not has_key means the key is missing. Say it out loud: "not has key".

Problem 3 — Grade letter

Problem. Standard A/B/C/D/F based on cutoffs.

How to think about it. Each branch checks the highest cutoff not yet caught. With elseif, once a branch matches, the rest are skipped.

Worked solution.

io.write("Score (0-100): ")
local score = tonumber(io.read())

if score >= 90 then
    print("Grade: A")
elseif score >= 80 then
    print("Grade: B")
elseif score >= 70 then
    print("Grade: C")
elseif score >= 60 then
    print("Grade: D")
else
    print("Grade: F")
end

Common mistakes.

Listing the conditions from low to high. Putting score >= 60 first catches every passing score, including 95, and gives them all a D.
Using > instead of >=. A score of exactly 90 should be an A, not a B.

Challenge — Largest of three

Problem. Three numbers, no math.max, no loops. Print the largest.

How to think about it. Compare them pair by pair. a >= b and a >= c means a is the largest, or tied for it. >= (not >) handles ties: if a == b, the first branch wins and prints a.

Worked solution.

local a = 7
local b = 12
local c = 12

if a >= b and a >= c then
    print(a)
elseif b >= c then
    print(b)
else
    print(c)
end

Trace through a = 7, b = 12, c = 12:

a >= b? 7 >= 12 is false. First branch skipped.
b >= c? 12 >= 12 is true. Prints 12.

For a = 12, b = 12, c = 5:

a >= b? 12 >= 12 is true.
a >= c? 12 >= 5 is true.
Both true, so print a, 12. Done.

Common mistakes.

Using > instead of >=. With three-way ties, no branch matches and the program falls through to print(c) even when a held the max. The value is right, the logic muddled.

Done?

The next chapter, Boolean logic in depth, digs into what and, or, and not actually do. After that come loops — the other way to make a program do something different each run.